What is one of the key elements of Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association?

One of the key elements of Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association is that criminal behavior is learned from intimate groups. This theory posits that individuals become criminals because they learn criminal values and behaviors through their interactions and associations with others, particularly in close-knit environments such as family and friends.

Sutherland emphasized the importance of the social context in which a person is raised and the influences of peers, family, and social networks in shaping one's attitudes towards crime. The idea is that people will adopt the behaviors and norms of the groups they associate with, which can include both law-abiding and criminal behaviors. Thus, the learning process occurs primarily through social interactions, making this a foundational aspect of understanding how and why individuals may engage in criminal activity.

This perspective shifts the focus from individual biological or economic factors to the sociological influences that surround a person, highlighting the role of community and relationships in the development of criminal behavior.