Under what circumstance is probation required for an offending organization?

The requirement for probation when dealing with an offending organization is primarily to secure payment of restitution. Probation serves as a legal oversight mechanism ensuring that the organization fulfills specific obligations, which may include restitution to victims of its wrongdoing. This is significant because it provides a structured approach for monitoring the organization’s compliance with the court's mandates and reinforces the idea that the organization must take responsibility for its actions.

Restitution is aimed at compensating victims for their losses and reflects a corrective measure to address the harm caused by the organization's fraudulent activities. By placing the organization on probation, authorities can ensure that these payments are made, and that the organization is adhering to any additional restrictions or requirements placed upon it by the court. This focused supervision can help to deter further misconduct while promoting accountability.

In contrast, the other choices do not inherently necessitate probation as a legal requirement for organizations facing penalties. The size of the organization, whether it has issued stock, or the goal of avoiding fines for individuals does not dictate probation as a necessary corrective action. Probation is fundamentally tied to the process of enforcing restitution among other conditions, making the first option the most appropriate in this context.