How does the theory of differential association explain the persistence of criminal behavior?

The theory of differential association, developed by Edwin Sutherland, offers a framework for understanding how criminal behavior can be learned and perpetuated through social interactions. The correct choice emphasizes that societal approval and acceptance play critical roles in the learning process of behavior, particularly deviant behavior.

According to this theory, individuals learn criminal behavior through their relationships and interactions with others who advocate or normalize such behavior. If a person is surrounded by peers or family members who condone illegal activities, they are more likely to adopt these behaviors as they see them as acceptable or even desirable. This context illustrates how societal approval and the notion of social acceptance can shape one's actions, reinforcing the idea that crime is not merely an individual choice but a learned behavior influenced by one’s environment.

The focus on societal approval indicates that behavior is often a reflection of the norms and values present in the individual’s social circle. This framework explains why certain individuals might persist in criminal activities if they are continuously exposed to group dynamics that support or glamorize such conduct.